Does the water reuse affect the fish growth, welfare quality? (2024)

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Does the water reuse affect the fish growth, welfare quality? References FAQs

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(6), 369-374|DOI:10.11118/actaun201260060369

Does the water reuse affect the fish growth, welfare quality?

Štěpán Lang, Jan Mareš, Radovan Kopp
Ústav zoologie, rybářství, hydrobiologie a včelařství, Mendelova univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

The fish production in aquaculture is growing from year to year. However capacities of current aquaculture facilities are limited. So the need of intensification of old facilities and building new intensive facilities is obvious. The high intensity of fish culture generates some questions. Could water reuse affect fish growth, welfare, health or quality of final product? A lot of research was performed for this issue but just a few works compared water reuse systems (RAS) versus flow thru systems (FTS). A problem with CO2 oversaturation was solved by shallow diffusers. Fin erosion seems to be a problem of high stocking density and system hygienic but it is not related directly to water reuse. A few papers were written about biochemical blood stress markers but it was mostly aimed to acute crowding or changes were found at extreme stocking densities over 124 kg.m3 for rainbow trout and 70 kg.m3 for sea bass. The fish are able to accustom to increased noise produced by RAS equipment very fast so it don't affect fish negatively. There wasn't found any prove of main water reuse to fish influence in the available literature. All results indicates that if the ecological parameters are kept in natural range for the fish reared in RAS, there is no negative effect of water reuse on fish.

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Keywords: recirculation, fin erosion, carbon dioxide, stocking density, RAS
Grants and funding:

This review was created with support of project NAZV: Optimization of the conditions of intensive salmonids farming in the Czech Republic using Danish technology, focusing on quality of produced fish. (QI91C001) and the Research plan No. MSM6215648905 "Biological and technological aspects of sustainability of controlled ecosystems and their adaptability to climate change", which is financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic.

Received: June 15, 2012; Prepublished online: July 19, 2013; Published: July 20, 2013 Show citation

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Lang, Š., Mareš, J., & Kopp, R. (2012). Does the water reuse affect the fish growth, welfare quality? Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis,60(6),369-374. doi:10.11118/actaun201260060369

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    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


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    Does the water reuse affect the fish growth, welfare quality? (2024)

    FAQs

    What are the parameters for fish hatchery water quality? ›

    Water quality parameters that are commonly monitored in the aquaculture industry include temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, hardness, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. Depending on the culture system, carbon dioxide, chlorides, and salinity may also be monitored.

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    Fish rely on water for various functions, including temperature regulation, oxygenation, and waste removal 4. Water quality parameters such as pH, hardness, and dissolved oxygen levels have a significant impact on fish growth, survival, reproductive performance, and embryology.

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    Pollution and decreased water quality can affect fishes by impacting habitat, food sources, and dissolved oxygen levels, which in turn impact their growth potential and reproductive abilities.

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    Waters ranging in pH from 6.5 to 8.5 (at sunrise) are generally the most suitable for pond fish production. Most cultured fish will die in waters with: pH below 4.5; pH equal to or greater than 11.

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    What are the factors affecting fish growth? ›

    Factors such as water temperature, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia levels, and turbidity directly impact fish production and overall pond health. By understanding and managing these parameters, farmers can create a favorable environment for fish growth and ensure sustainable aquaculture practices.

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    What is the water quality criteria for fish? ›

    Oxygen levels should be high enough to permit growth and reproduction. This level is about 5 ppm for warmwater fishes and 6 ppm for salmonoid fishes. Oxygen requirements of fishes may be affected by the presence of carbon dioxide. The pH of streams of the United States generally ranges between pH 7.4 and 8.5.

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    Do fish get nutrients from water? ›

    Fish are also unique among vertebrates in their ability to absorb minerals not only from their diets but also from water through their gills and skin.

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    This review showed that fishes feel a range of emotions and feelings, including fear and distress. What's maybe more important than accepting fishes can feel negative emotions like pain, is recognizing the fact that they can also experience positive states like joy and pleasure.

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    It is unlikely that fish have such a driving force. Fish have gills that allow them to “breathe” oxygen dissolved in the water. Water enters the mouth, passes over the gills, and exits the body through a special opening. This keeps an adequate amount of water in their bodies and they don't feel thirsty.

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    Water changes do two things simultaneously. Most importantly, they remove all the bad things that build up in the aquarium over time. These things include nitrate, phosphate, growth-inhibiting hormones that many if not most fish give off, dissolved organic compounds, and other things.

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    What are the factors affecting the quality of fish? ›

    Fish quality, in terms of safety and keeping time, is highly influenced by non-visible factors such as autolysis and contamination and growth of microorganisms.

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    How does water clarity affect fish? ›

    Effects of Cloudy (turbid) Water

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    Do fish need distilled or spring water? ›

    “Spring,” “filtered” or “distilled” may mean many different things. Usually distilled water is NOT good for fish. This option removed all the beneficial buffers, therefore setting your kH to ZERO and setting your tank up for Old Tank Syndrome. The best bottled water for fish tanks is usually spring water.

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    What is the ideal water quality for fish? ›

    Optimum pH for fish growth and health is between 6 and 9. If pH is outside this range, fish growth will be reduced. Mortalities will occur when pH values are less than 4.5 or greater than 10.

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    How do you fix fish water quality? ›

    6 Steps to Improve Water Quality in Your Aquarium
    1. Start with Purified Water. The water you add to your tank can make keeping an aquarium easy or very difficult; here's why. ...
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    Water Temperature

    Tilapia prefer temperatures of 81–85°F (27–29°C) for maximum growth. When water temperature drops below 70°F, growth slows dramatically, reproduction stops, and the incidence of disease increases. Tilapia will die when temperatures drop below 50°F.

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    Which three water quality parameters should be monitored daily zebrafish? ›

    Temperature, pH, and conductivity should be monitored daily and should be maintained at 26–29° C, 7–8, and 200–3000 micro-Siemens, respectively. Alkalinity, hardness, carbon dioxide, and dissolved oxygen should be measured weekly and maintained at 50–75 ppm, 100–200 ppm, 0–15 ppm, and 6–8 ppm, respectively.

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    What should the water parameters be in a fish pond? ›

    Pond Water Parameters Summary

    Use a good quality test kit, the results should be as follows; Oxygen – 6.0mg Minimum of 6.0mg/Litre. pH – 7.5-8.5 Keep your pH level between 7.5 & 8.5.

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    What are the ideal water parameters for freshwater fish? ›

    A neutral freshwater community tank should run a pH as close to 7.0 as possible. While very few natural freshwater environments measure out at precisely 7.0. This neutral number accommodates fish and invertebrates that prefer either slightly acidic (6.8) to slightly basic (7.2) water.

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